Assessing Kinematic Variables in Short-Track Speed Skating Helmets: A Comparative Study between Traditional Rigid Foam and Anti-Rotation Designs
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Short-track speed skating results in high-energy crashes with an elevated risk of head injury. The goal of this study was to evaluate the resulting kinematics of an anti-rotation helmet technology for speed skating. Methods: Two traditional rigid foam speed-skating helmets (BT and ST) were compared with one anti-rotation speed skating helmet (MIPS). Each helmet was impacted with a pneumatic device across three locations. The resulting linear or rotational accelerations (PLA or PRA) and rotational velocities (PRV) were measured with accelerometers placed on a Hybrid III head form. Additionally, the head impact criterion (HIC) was calculated from accelerations and the brain injury criterion (BrIC) was obtained from rotational velocities. Results: MIPS showed significantly higher values of accelerations (PLA = 111.24 ± 9.21 g and PRA = 8759.11 ± 2601.81 rad/s2) compared with the other helmets at all three impact locations (p < 0.01, ES = 3.00 to 4.11). However, velocities were lowest, but not significantly different, for the MIPS helmet (25.77 ± 1.43 rad/s). Furthermore, all resulting kinematics except peak linear accelerations were significantly different across impact locations. Conclusion: Helmet designs specific to the collision characteristics of speed skating may still be lacking, but would decrease the risk of sport-related concussions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it