A Comparative Evaluation of Real-Time Guided Dynamic Navigation and Conventional Techniques for Post Space Preparation During Post Endodontic Management: An In Vitro Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The three-dimensional (3D) dynamic navigation system (DNS; Navident, ClaroNav Technology, Toronto, ON) is a revolutionary technique in endodontics that offers superior precision and efficiency compared to existing techniques for post space preparation. AIM: The aim is to evaluate and contrast the efficacy and efficiency of the DNS with conventional post space preparation techniques. This assessment considers several parameters, notably canal deviation (global coronal and apical deviation and angular deflection), duration of the procedure, and total volumetric loss of instrumented root canal and volumetric loss of instrumented root canal above 4 mm from the apex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly extracted maxillary central incisors were chosen for this study. A total sample size of 60 (n) was included. The extracted teeth samples were divided into two groups: 3D DNS (group I; n = 30) and conventional techniques (group II; n = 30). The samples were taken, and 50% of the crown structure was reduced for post space preparation to ensure standardization between the two groups. The samples were root canal-treated and mounted in a 3D-printed maxillary cast. Preoperative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken for both groups. For group I, post space preparation was conducted with the DNS, which provided comprehensive guidance. The procedure was stopped when post space preparation was 4 mm short of the apex, as indicated in the system display. For group II, post space preparation was done without the guidance of DNS. Time taken for the procedure was assessed using a timer; canal deviation was evaluated using CBCT analysis, and volumetric loss was estimated using micro-CT analysis. RESULTS: The dynamic navigation group achieves significantly more precise outcomes in post space preparation than the conventional technique. The DNS group has significantly lesser global coronal and apical deviation and angular deflection compared to the conventional group (p < 0.05). The DNS group has reduced the volumetric loss of instrumented root canals compared to the conventional group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the DNS group requires significantly less time than the conventional method, with a mean difference of about 10.567 minutes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Implementing dynamic navigation improves precision in post space preparation, with a notable reduction in canal deviation and volumetric loss and a decrease in procedure time compared to the conventional method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".