Laboratory constraints on the anisotropic dynamic-to-static ratios for shale's elastic constants: an example from the Duvernay unconventional reservoir
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Dynamic material constants obtained by wave-based methods are different from their static counterparts. Constraining rock's elastic constants’ dynamic-to-static ratios (Rij) are important for understanding the geomechanical properties of earth's materials, particularly in the context of hydraulic fracturing that requires the knowledge of shale's static elastic constants. Conducting experiments with dynamic and elastic constants’ anisotropy, on top of their pressure dependency, properly accounted for is challenging. Here, we measure suites of dynamic and static elastic constants, with anisotropy fully accounted for, on the shale samples extracted from the Duvernay unconventional reservoir; a comprehensive set of geochemical/petrophysical measurements are obtained too. We observe that the dynamic-to-static ratios are generally not sensitive to the increasing pressures at σ > 50 MPa; we do not find a correlation with the samples’ mineral contents either. However, we find that Rij strongly correlates to the dynamic elastic constants except for the R11. The correlation between Rij, particularly Ri3, and the dynamic elastic constants can be explained by the sedimentary rocks’ compactness and the horizontal void spaces parallel to the rock's laminated bedding planes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".