Association between the atherogenic index of plasma trajectory and risk of heart failure among hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been shown to be positively correlated with cardiovascular events. However, it remains unclear whether hypertensive patients with long-term high AIP levels are at greater risk of developing heart failure (HF). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between AIP trajectory and the incidence of HF in hypertensive patients. METHODS: This prospective study included 22,201 hypertensive patients from the Kailuan Study who underwent three waves of surveys between 2006 and 2010. Participants were free of HF or cancer before or during 2010. The AIP was calculated as the logarithmic conversion ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Latent mixed modeling was employed to identify different trajectory patterns for AIP during the exposure period (2006-2010). Cox proportional hazard models were then used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident HF among different trajectory groups. RESULTS: Four distinct trajectory patterns were identified through latent mixture modeling analysis: low-stable group (n = 3,373; range, -0.82 to -0.70), moderate-low stable group (n = 12,700; range, -0.12 to -0.09), moderate-high stable group (n = 5,313; range, 0.53 to 0.58), and elevated-increasing group (n = 815; range, 1.22 to 1.56). During a median follow-up period of 9.98 years, a total of 822 hypertensive participants experienced HF. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared with those in the low-stable group, the HR and corresponding CI for incident HF in the elevated-increasing group, moderate-high stable group, and moderate-low stable group were estimated to be 1.79 (1.21,2.66), 1.49 (1.17,1.91), and 1.27 (1.02,1.58), respectively. These findings remained consistent across subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Prolonged elevation of AIP in hypertensive patients is significantly associated with an increased risk of HF. This finding suggests that regular monitoring of AIP could aid in identifying individuals at a heightened risk of HF within the hypertensive population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".