Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the singular flow at the actuator disc’s rim joint to the wake tube to aid computing the wake. As the Froude wake vortex sheet issues from the perimeter of a windmill actuator of interference a , its vorticity is argued to build linearly from zero to asymptote to 2 aV . The induction is integrated numerically for a parametric 2D sheet shape to find the flow direction and so slope ta at the perimeter. The vorticity build rate is simultaneously solved so that the axial velocity fraction at the disc averages to 1- a . At a = ⅓ the 2% deviation of the fraction is the rms error in localising the (2D) momentum equation. The extra induction of 0.18 a just before the edge corrects the best local c P to 0.49 versus 16 / 27 , whilst in 3D, swirl will zero the c P in the center, wasting the lower central induction. Worse the leading edge t = 2.22 limits the Giromill’s overall C P based on diameter to 0.49 at a = 0.27.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".