Neuromodulation using transcranial focused ultrasonography in neonates with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is the leading cause of neonatal encephalopathy. • Therapeutic hypothermia offers limited improvement in neurodevelopmental outcomes. • Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) can modulate specific brain regions. • TUS has drawn attention for its potential to modulate brain activity in adults. • TUS may induce neuroplasticity, potentially transforming HIE treatment in newborns. Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common cause of neonatal encephalopathy, accounting for over half of all cases and the consequences of HIE can be devastating, making it one of the most severe perinatal complications. Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to offer neuroprotection by reducing metabolic demand and slowing the cascade of injury processes. However, despite its benefits, therapeutic hypothermia has only modestly improved neurodevelopmental outcomes, indicating a major need for additional therapeutic approaches. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging non-invasive brain stimulation technique for focally modulating specific brain regions that has recently drawn attention for its potential to modulate brain activity and promote neuroplasticity. The capacity of TUS to induce neuroplasticity through specific sonication parameters has been demonstrated in adult patients. Leveraging TUS to enhance functional connectivity and inhibit GABAergic systems within the injured thalami holds promise for inducing neuroplasticity in neonates with HIE. We hypothesize that enhancing thalamocortical functional connectivity and reducing local GABA levels through the use of TUS could potentially improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with HIE who have sustained thalamic injury and aim to test this hypothesis. Testing of the hypothesis will be conducted with a comprehensive assessment of safety and feasibility in neonates through a Phase I study, followed by further clinical studies to evaluate efficacy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".