Mantle plume trail beneath the ca. 1.1 Ga North American Midcontinent Rift revealed by magnetotelluric data
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whilst the 1.1 Ga North American Midcontinent Rift (MCR) system is formed in association with the Keweenaw mantle plume, the absence of a northern third rift arm or aulacogen (a general characteristic of mantle plumes) has previously not been well understood. To help clarify this unusual plume-rift relationship and to better establish the region affected by the Keweenaw mantle plume, we present the first electrical resistivity model of the MCR derived from 3D inversion of EarthScope USArray and Lithoprobe magnetotelluric (MT) data, extending northwards into the Archean Superior Province. Our model shows a prominent highly conductive anomaly trending NW-SE at the base of Western Superior's cratonic lithospheric mantle, cross-cutting and extending for over 300 km on both sides of the western rift branch. We propose that this anomaly reflects the ancient signature of a plume trail, resulting from metasomatism and/or partial melting of the sulfide-rich basal lithospheric mantle during impingement of the Keweenaw mantle plume.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it