Low-Compared with High-Dose Regimen of Induction Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract International recommendation supports induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as a new standard of care for locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (LA-NPC) which give a survival benefit. TPF is one of the IC regimens which consists of docetaxel (75 mg/m2, 1 hour infusion), cisplatin (75 mg/m2, 0.5–3 hours), and 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2, 4 days). Previous retrospective study in Chinese population reported low-dose TPF (L-TPF), consists of docetaxel (60 mg/m2), cisplatin (65 mg/m2), and then 5-fluorouracil (550 mg/m2/d; 5 days), showed better tolerance and compliance rates, with similar efficacy to high-dose TPF (H-TPF). Thus, we aim to evaluate the current evidence of the effect of L-TPF compared with H-TPF on survival and tolerance as IC in LA-NPC. Data were collected from PubMed, PubMed Central, and Science Direct, using combinations of keywords related to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or IC, TPF dose regimen, and LA-NPC. The included studies investigated the efficacy and toxicity of IC with a TPF regimen. The quality of each included study was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for cohort studies and the JADAD scale for randomized controlled trial (RCT). Only moderate- and good-quality studies were further evaluated in the meta-analysis. A total of six studies consisting of 509 NAC patients were included. All the studies evaluated overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Quantitative analysis showed that L-TPF + CCRT significantly showed good OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–0.76; p = 0.001) but not PFS (HR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.16–1.25; p = 0.13). Common chemotoxicities that were found in both groups were neutropenia and anemia. L-TPF IC had a significant positive effect on the survival of LA-NPC patients. Further, larger multicenter RCT studies are needed to focus on evaluating the optimal TPF regimen dose in LA-NPC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.018 | 0.035 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".