COVID-19 in South Africa and the Containment of the Homeless, Drug, and Substance Users in Tshwane: A Gender Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To curb the spread of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in response to the national lockdown, the City of Tshwane, supported by law enforcement agencies, involuntarily rounded up all people experiencing homelessness. The group, comprising around 2,000 women, men, and children, was initially gathered at Caledonian stadium but subsequently ferried to emergency temporary male and female COVID-19 homeless containment shelters established across the City. While the rolling out of the COVID-19 emergency homeless shelters programme by the city was based on intentions of health protection, management challenges led to ongoing safety concerns. Adopting Bowers’s (2006) conflict and containment theory, this study investigates the relationship between conflict behaviours and containment measures within female and male COVID-19 temporary homeless shelters. Preliminary evidence from a mixed methods study suggests that male admission and drug and substance use increase the levels of conflict behaviours, and no association was found between an increase in security personnel and a reduction in conflict behaviours in COVID-19 shelters. A large proportion of conflict behaviours could be reduced by more efficient, effective, and improved service and by reducing the size of COVID-19 temporary homeless shelters, making the shelters less coercive and safer for residents and staff.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".