Baduanjin Exercise Improves Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: As a nonpharmacological method for cognitive rehabilitation, older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may benefit from Baduanjin exercise (BE), a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine if BE is effective in enhancing cognitive performance in older adults with MCI. Using a combination of topic phrases and free words, systematic searches were executed in nine databases. Review Manager 5.4 was used to retrieve and statistically evaluate the data. Fourteen randomized controlled studies comprising 994 individuals aged ≥60 years were included in the meta-analysis. BE enhanced the general cognitive performance in individuals with MCI as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17, 2.96; p < 0.001). The level of memory decline (Wechsler Memory Scale; SMD = 12.46; 95% CI, 8.36, 16.57; p < 0.001), executive function (Trail Making Test; SMD = -7.08; 95% CI, -11.21, -2.94; p < 0.001), and frailty (Edmonton Frailty Scale; SMD = -0.97; 95% CI, -1.30, -0.64; p < 0.001) were all improved with BE for older adults with MCI. This study presented a therapeutic practice guide for using BE for cognitive rehabilitation in older adults. BE notably improves cognitive function in older adults with MCI and can be an excellent nonpharmaceutical therapy option.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".