Psychometric assessment of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is one of the most pressing issues in the field of treatment and research of psychotic disorders. The pronounced decline in social and professional functioning in this group of patients as well as high costs of therapy determine high interest in TRS. This is a part of an ongoing study on the clinical and biological features of TRS. Objectives The aim of this study is to identify the leading symptoms in patients with TRS. Methods Using the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Calgary Depression Scale for schizophrenia (CDSS), 30 male patients (age 28.99 ± 8.08 years) diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (F20.0) were examined. All patients had persistent productive symptoms and met the criteria for TRS. The average daily doses of antipsychotics in chlorpromazine equivalent were 1382.07 ± 897.15 mg/day. The average age of onset of the disease was 19.52 ± 5.97 years, the average disease was 9.47 ± 7.61 years. Results The average scores were: on the PSP scale: 46.05 ± 9.17, on the CDSS scale 8.10 ± 4.53, on the PANSS positive symptoms subscale - 21.52 ± 4.24, on the PANSS negative symptoms subscale - 24.67 ± 4.42, on the general psychopathology subscale PANSS – 45.62 ± 6.11 . Positive symptoms were represented mainly by delusions (P1, 4.14 ± 0.85 points) and hallucinations (P3, 4.10 ± 1.76 points). Blunted affect (N1, 4.29 ± 0.56 points) and emotional withdrawal (N2, 3.67 ± 0.73 points) predominated among negative symptoms, while the least prominent negative symptom was poor rapport (N3, 3.24 ± 0.94). The most pronounced general psychopathology symptoms were depression (G6, 4.00 ± 1.10 ) and lack of judgment and insight (G12, 4.05 ± 0.92). The total score on the PANSS was 91.81 ± 12.40. Conclusions The CDSS score indicates a high incidence of depressive symptoms in patients with TRS. A low PSP score reflects poor social functioning. The most common symptoms according to the PANSS are delusions, hallucinations, blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, depression and lack of judgment and insight. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".