Planning the great acceleration: spatial norms and urban expansion in Prince George, Canada, 1946-1981
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The decades following the Second World War are characterized as a Great Acceleration in global energy and resource use. Norms related to urban planning and development in these decades created social-ecological structures that led to elevated carbon use and biodiversity loss. In this paper, we connect perspectives on the mass suburbanization that transformed North American cities to a global scale discourse on the Great Acceleration and Anthropocene. Taking Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, as our case, we review how two dominant spatial norms (Howard’s Garden City and Perry’s Neighbourhood Unit) were deployed between 1946 and 1981 to both rationalize and accommodate urban expansion in the province’s northern capital. Archival sources and historical land development data relate a pattern of growth over this period to the actors, mechanisms, and planning theories that were used to promote urban expansion for a population that would ultimately never come.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".