The Physical Status and Proprioception in Individuals with Genu Recurvatum: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the physical condition and knee proprioception in individuals with and without genu recurvatum and the differences between genders in individuals with genu recurvatum. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 136 individuals, aged 18-35 years, with (n=67) and without (n=69) genu recurvatum. Genu recurvatum angle, pelvic tilt, medial longitudinal arch height, hip flexors, hamstring muscle shortness, quadriceps femoris, and gastrocnemius shortness were assessed. Trunk flexibility (sit-and-reach test), dynamic balance (Y balance test), laxity level (Beighton hypermobility scale), and trunk muscle endurance (McGill and Plank test) were also evaluated. Concentric and eccentric muscle strength of the quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles, and knee proprioception were recorded using an isokinetic device. Results: There was a significant difference between the individuals with and without genu recurvatum in terms of laxity level, trunk flexor muscle endurance, posterolateral dynamic balance, and proprioception sense at 10° knee flexion (P < .05). Additionally, in individuals with genu recurvatum, hip flexor and hamstring length, trunk flexibility, joint hypermobility, and trunk flexor endurance were found to be higher in women, while medial longitudinal arch flexibility, Y balance (anterior–posteromedial–posterolateral), lateral trunk and whole trunk muscle endurance, quadriceps, and hamstring concentric and eccentric muscle strength were found to be higher in males (P < .05). Conclusion: Individuals with genu recurvatum had higher laxity level and trunk flexor endurance, less posterolateral dynamic balance, and proprioception sense at 10° knee flexion. The effects of balance and proprioceptive exercise training in individuals with genu recurvatum should be examined in the future studies. Cite this article as: Gencel AN, Öksüz S. The physical status and proprioception in individuals with genu recurvatum: A cross-sectional study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2024;11(2):77-83.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".