Sustainable Development and Global Tourism Governance in China and Other Countries: A Review of Research
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relevance of this study lies in the crucial role of tourism in today’s globalised society, where effective global tourism management is essential for the balanced development and sustainability of the industry amidst dynamic changes. The aim of this study was to analyse research on global tourism management in China and other countries to develop effective management strategies to address contemporary challenges and changes. A systematic approach was employed to investigate this issue, utilising methods such as analysis, comparison, synthesis, deduction, and classification. The study analysed 83 papers, including 36 Chinese and 47 English-language studies, covering various aspects such as concepts, models, power structures, assessment systems, and global management in tourism. These studies were systematised and classified into five categories: the concept of tourism management, the structure of tourism management rights, the tourism management model, the assessment system of tourism management, and global tourism management studies. A review of these aspects was conducted, revealing that research on the concept of tourism management constitutes the largest share. The findings underscored the importance of clearly defining the concept of global tourism management and demonstrated the inefficiency of current global tourism management practices, which lack the necessary operational assessment tools. In terms of the structure of tourism management rights, it was found that different countries employ varying models and bodies of tourism management at the global level. This highlights the need for an integrated and coordinated approach, including the creation of international structures capable of coordinating efforts on the world stage. The study also identified global tourism management as an integral trend, necessitating a deeper examination of its mechanisms to enrich existing research in this field. The study’s materials can serve as a foundation for developing strategies and policies in global tourism management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".