First report of <i>Diaporthe humulicola</i> causing halo blight of hop ( <i>Humulus lupulus</i> L.) in Prince Edward Island, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study documents the first report of halo blight of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), caused by the fungal pathogen Diaporthe humulicola, in Prince Edward Island (PE), Canada. This pathogen has been previously reported in Michigan, New York, Connecticut and Quebec. Disease symptoms were reported in hopyards in Harrington and Mount Albion, PE. Symptoms reported include both foliar lesions and severe necrosis of hop cones. Through a metagenomic approach using Nanopore sequencing of the full Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region products, multiple fungal species were identified in infected hop cones. Many plant pathogens were present in the hop cones including species of Botrytis, Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Fusarium. Additionally, metagenomic sequencing identified reads that most closely matched D. humulicola. Symptomatic leaf tissue sections were cultured on amended PDA to isolate the pathogen, then colony PCR was conducted and ITS regions were sequenced, confirming the identity of D. humulicola. Pathogenicity was validated using Koch’s postulates on hop leaf disks, with lesion development occurring 7 days post-inoculation. Considering the humid conditions characteristic of eastern North American hop-growing zones, halo blight’s emergence in PE emphasizes the need for comprehensive monitoring and improved best management strategies to protect the PE hop industry.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".