<i>Vincetoxicum nigrum</i>(L.) Moench, Pale Swallow-wort / Dompte-venin noir and<i>Vincetoxicum rossicum</i>(Kleopow) Barbaricz, Black swallow-wort / Dompte-venin de Russie (Apocynaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vincetoxicum rossicum , pale swallow-wort, and Vincetoxicum nigrum , black swallow-wort, are both known as dog-strangling vine in Canada and are established in northeastern North America. These invasive swallow-worts compete against native species for resources and modify the environment, resulting in negative consequences for native plant and animal species. Integrating the use of herbicides with mechanical control tactics has some efficacy, but requires substantial resources. Classical biological control has been explored as an additional tool for managing these highly damaging weeds. Hypena opulenta is a specialist herbivore of Vincetoxicum spp. and was approved for release in Canada in 2013. Additional insect herbivores and plant pathogens are under investigation to understand their potential as biological control agents, and are reviewed. The chapter also reviews the current status of the biological control programme for invasive swallow-worts using H. opulenta and discusses priorities for future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".