The gender congruence and life satisfaction scale for transgender and gender-diverse youth (GCLS-Y): A validation study with samples from the UK and US
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background There are currently no good quality psychometric tools available to assess multi-dimensional outcomes for trans and gender diverse youth. A tool is needed to develop a stronger evidence base regarding the evaluation of gender-affirming healthcare for the population.Aim The current study aimed to adapt and validate the Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale for young trans and gender diverse people (GCLS-Y) with young trans and gender diverse people aged 14-19 living in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US).Method Initially, the GCLS-Y was adapted through expert consultation and discussion with trans and gender diverse youth to ensure it is meaningful and relevant. A survey that included the GCLS-Y and other psychometric measures that assessed gender incongruence, mental health and wellbeing to determine convergent validity and social desirability to examine discriminant validity was completed by 307 trans and gender diverse youth (n = 175 in the US and n = 132 in the UK).Findings Exploratory Factor Analysis supported a 5-factor model that was assessed as conceptually accurate. The final version of the GCLS-Y included 38 items with the following subscales: Psychosocial Implications of Gender Distress, Incongruence and Dysphoria related to Chest, Incongruence and Distress related to Genitalia, Social Perceptions of Gender, and Life Satisfaction. The measure was also found to be valid and reliable.Conclusions The GCLS-Y is a psychometrically sound tool that can be used to assess multidimensional outcomes among trans and gender diverse youth (14-19 years) related to mental health and wellbeing, gender incongruence and distress, and social experiences of gender. The tool can support the development of evidence-based policy, which has implications for legislation, healthcare funding, and broader societal attitudes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".