National Estimates for the Percentage of All Readmissions With Demographic Features, Morbidity, Overall and Gender-Specific Mortality of Transcutaneous Versus Open Surgical Tricuspid Valve Replacement/Repair
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to determine national estimates for the percentage of all readmissions with demographic features, length of stay (LOS), cost analysis, comorbidities, complications, overall and gender-specific mortality and complications of transcutaneous tricuspid valve replacement/repair (TTVR) vs. open surgical tricuspid valve replacement/repair (open TVR). Methods: Data were extrapolated from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) 2015-19. Of the 75,266,750 (unweighted) cases recorded in the 2015 - 2019 dataset, 429 had one or more of the percutaneous approach codes as per the ICD-10 dataset, and 10,077 had one or more of the open approach codes. Results: Overall, the number of cases performed each year through open TVR was higher than TTVR, but there was an increased trend towards the TTVR every passing year. TTVR was performed more in females and advanced age groups than open TVR. The LOS and cost were lower in the TTVR group than in open TVR. Patients undergoing TTVR had more underlying comorbidities like congestive heart failure, hypertension, and uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. Overall mortality was 3.49% in TTVR vs. 6.09% in open TVR. The gender-specific analysis demonstrated higher female mortality in the open TVR compared to TTVR (5.45% vs. 3.03%). Male mortality was statistically insignificant between the two groups (6.8% vs. 4.3%, P-value = 0.15). Patients with TTVR had lower rates of complications than open TVR, except for arrhythmias, which were higher in TTVR. Patients undergoing open TVR required more intracardiac support, such as intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and Impella, than TTVR. Conclusion: TTVR is an emerging alternative to open TVR in patients with tricuspid valve diseases, especially tricuspid regurgitation. Despite having more underlying comorbidities, the TTVR group had lower in-hospital mortality, hospital cost, LOS, and fewer complications than open TVR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".