FL2ETD: A Few-Shot Learning Framework to Electricity Theft Detection
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electricity theft detection (ETD) aims to promptly identify electricity theft by vigilantly monitoring and analyzing atypical electricity consumption time series. Existing machine learning approaches to ETD demand large training sets, leading to degraded performance when limited training samples are available. In this paper, we introduce FL2ETD, a novel few-shot learning framework to ETD. The framework consists of three core components, i.e., a feature extraction module, a representation module, and a classification module. The feature extraction module processes the electricity consumption behavior of users in both the time and the frequency domains to extract distinctive features and increase the number and the diversity of features. The representation module utilizes contrast learning to pre-train unlabeled electricity consumption data for enhancing feature representation quality. The classification module integrates feature representations for making the final decision in ETD. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FL2ETD exhibits superior performance compared to baselines, and its advantage is significant when the number of available training samples is very small (with only 338 samples).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it