Rest Tremor in Parkinson's Disease Is Associated with Ipsilateral Striatal Dopamine Transporter Binding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background The cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) include rigidity, bradykinesia, and rest tremor. Rigidity and bradykinesia correlate with contralateral nigrostriatal degeneration and striatal dopamine deficit, but association between striatal dopamine function and rest tremor has remained unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the possible link between dopamine function and rest tremor using Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative dataset, the largest prospective neuroimaging cohort of patients with PD. Methods Clinical, [ 123 I]N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane ([ 123 I]FP‐CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 354 early PD patients and 166 healthy controls were included in this study. We employed a novel approach allowing nonlinear registration of individual scans accurately to a standard space and voxelwise analyses of the association between motor symptoms and striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding. Results Severity of both rigidity and bradykinesia was negatively associated with contralateral striatal DAT binding ( P FWE < 0.05 [FWE, family‐wise error corrected]). However, rest tremor amplitude was positively associated with increased ipsilateral DAT binding ( P FWE < 0.05). The association between rest tremor and binding remained the same controlling for Hoehn & Yahr stage, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) part III score, bradykinesia–rigidity score, or motor phenotype. The association between rest tremor and binding was independent of bradykinesia‐rigidity and replicated using 2‐year follow‐up data ( P FWE < 0.05). Conclusion In agreement with the existing literature, we did not find a consistent association between rest tremor and contralateral dopamine defect. However, our results demonstrate a link between rest tremor and increased or less decreased ipsilateral DAT binding. Our findings provide novel information about the association between dopaminergic function and parkinsonian rest tremor. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".