Environmental Education at Waste Incineration Facilities in Japan: Educational Activities Continued Even during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper discusses the environmental education conducted at waste treatment facilities, which is a significant feature of waste management in Japan. This kind of research has never been done before. In this study, responses were obtained from 82.2% (755/919) of incineration facilities in Japan. According to the survey, 96% of incineration facilities accept visitors. During normal times before the COVID-19 pandemic, they were visited by 8.71 million people annually. Among them, 1.08 million people participated in field trips and lectures to learn about the waste treatment system, with 67% being fourth-grade elementary school students visiting as part of their classes. The practice of elementary school students learning about waste treatment began with the national curriculum guidelines enacted in 1971 and has continued for about half a century. Incineration facilities are equipped to accommodate elementary school students. In 2020, Japan was also hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, even in such circumstances, waste incineration facilities and elementary schools endeavored to continue the field trips for elementary school students. General visitors decreased by 92% from the previous year, but visits as part of elementary school classes only decreased by 77%. The survey results indicate that incineration facilities made efforts to continue the tours for elementary school students by adjusting the timing, implementing infection control measures, and limiting locations. It became clear that many waste management professionals believe that field trips to waste treatment facilities for elementary school students should continue even during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".