Analysis of the Effects of Wheel Spacers on the Roll Stability of the Vehicle
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper aims to identify the impact of tire spacers on the vehicle's overall stability and subsequently the influence of various kinematic factors due to the induced vehicle's roll moment. The placement of the spacers was studied as a function of the arrangement of the spacers and was compared to a model without spacers. The outcome of this project would be to highlight the importance of spacers to reduce the roll within a vehicle and to provide an idea for the customer about what orientation will provide the best results from the spacers that they have installed. Using the CarSim software, we were able to develop different accurate models within the scope of this study. A series of these models were then simulated using simulation software on a variety of real-life conditions in order to predict the behavior of the vehicle under different conditions. These results were used to evaluate the handling characteristics of the vehicle and determine the ideal placement of spacers attached to the wheels in order to improve the vehicle's handling characteristics. Received: 14 April 2024 | Revised: 31 July 2024 | Accepted: 20 August 2024 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Author Contribution Statament Glenn Xavier Vaz: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization; Zeinab El-Sayegh: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it