Joint kinematic responses of Olympic medallist skiers to repeated slalom runs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This case study aims to examine changes in the lower limb joint kinematic profile and performance stability induced by repeated ski runs in two world-class alpine skiers. Two Olympic medallist alpine skiers were tested during their slalom training, with continuous recording of right knee and hip angles, along with turn time and run time. The eight runs of the training session were analysed with linear mixed models. Results showed no effect of runs repetition on performance (i.e., run and turn time; P ≥ 0.279). There was no global effect of runs repetition on minimal and maximal angles for either the knee or the hip (P > 0.151). There was an interaction between run and leg for the maximal angle of both the knee and hip (P ≤ 0.047), which increased across runs for the outside leg and decreased for the inside leg. The maximal angular velocity for both the knee and hip increased with runs repetition in extension (P ≤ 0.028). There were no overall changes in maximal angular velocity in flexion with runs repetition (P ≥ 0.264), but there was an interaction between run and leg for the knee (P < 0.001) due to faster eccentric velocities across runs for the outside leg and slower velocities for the inside leg. In conclusion, the observed joint kinematic alterations without concomitant performance impairment support the concept of multiple movement strategies in athletes to achieve similar performance, especially under fatigue conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".