Modulation of the ‘flinty’ aroma compound phenylmethanethiol during fermentation: impacts of yeast starter culture and nitrogen supplementation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sulfur compound phenylmethanethiol (PMT) has been associated with ’flinty’ and ’struck-match’ aromas in wine, and it is considered to be an important contributor to the flavour of certain white wine styles. Little is known about the factors driving the formation of this potent sulfur aroma compound during winemaking conditions, as well as the precursors/pathways that might be involved in its formation. In this study, we demonstrate that a range of practical winemaking strategies may have significant implications on the final concentration of PMT in wine. Specifically, the choice of yeast strain used to perform alcoholic fermentation was shown to modulate the formation of this ‘flinty’ compound under laboratory-scale conditions, and in the absence of oak. The nutritional level of the fermentation media was also found to significantly impact PMT formation by yeast, as nitrogen additions in the form of inorganic nitrogen promoted the formation of PMT. Finally, the potential role of both benzaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide as precursors to PMT formation was also explored, as well as the contribution of other alternative pathways.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it