Michalis Sotiropoulos. <i>Liberalism after the Revolution: The Intellectual Foundations of the Greek State, c. 1830–1880</i>.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following the 1821 revolution, Greece emerged as a state in ambiguity. The three “Great Powers” (Britain, France, Russia) were “protecting” it, while the Ottomans, after being forced to grant independence in 1830, never called Greece a “state” but instead a “government” or “the country of the Greeks” and “Greek authority,” words reminiscent of an autonomous tributary region, not an independent state. Michalis Sotiropoulos’s book Liberalism after the Revolution: The Intellectual Foundations of the Greek State, c. 1830–1880 explains how the new state that was built severed connections to its Ottoman past, was founded on a liberal tradition, and left a legacy that is now, by and large, forgotten at the very moment many states are moving away from their liberal and democratic values. So, the book has an intended, or at least unstated, contemporary dimension that will interest historians and a general audience alike. Sotiropoulos revisits the history of the Greek state, looking outward and conversing with a broad historiography rather than staring inward and regurgitating unfounded arguments about the “backwardness” or even (in the post-2009 period) the “failure” of the Greek state. The book examines the intellectual biographies of liberal “jurists” (as the author calls them), offering a narrative of the intellectual foundations of the Greek state in the post-revolution period and through the constitutional changes of 1844 and 1864. The Greek state emerged as a particular liberal formation: liberal jurists strove to follow the radical revolutionary legacy within the constraints that the Bavarian monarchy placed on it when it took over in 1833, pioneering or translating for the Greek context ideas about property, constitutionalism, the law. Sotiropoulos makes a compelling argument about how and why Greek liberal jurists instrumentalized jurisprudence to promote a form of state in opposition to the “police state” (Polizeistaat) that the Bavarian king and his supporters founded. This form of “practical statecraft” maintained the radical tenets of liberalism at a time when it was being abandoned elsewhere in Europe (5). The author does not remain in the realm of ideas amounting to an older intellectual history; rather, he integrates the political context in which Greek liberalism was formed into his narrative, offering a type of “practical intellectual history,” as he calls it (6).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".