Longitudinal analysis of glymphatic function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Accumulation of misfolded proteins is central in the pathogenesis of ALS and the glymphatic system is emerging as a potential therapeutic target to reduce proteinopathy. Using diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular spaces (DTI-ALPS) to assess glymphatic function, we perform a longitudinal analysis of glymphatic function in ALS and compare it to a disorder in the motor neuron disease spectrum, primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). From a cohort of 45 participants from the Calgary site in the CALSNIC study (Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium), including 18 ALS, 5 PLS and 22 control participants, DTI-ALPS was analyzed and correlated to clinical features (age, sex, disease presentation, disease severity and progression rate), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden. This included longitudinal measurements at three time points, 4 months apart. The DTI-ALPS index was reduced in ALS participants compared to PLS and control participants across all three time points. There was no association with clinical factors, however the index tended to decline with advancing age. Our study suggests heterogeneity in glymphatic dysfunction in motor neuron diseases that may be related to the underlying pathogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".