On the correlation between the habit plane and 3D morphology of lath martensite: A direct 3D observation using serial sectioning tomography of a low-carbon stainless steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The crystallography and morphology of lath martensite in a low-carbon 13Cr-4Ni stainless steel were analyzed by large-volume, high-resolution serial sectioning tomography using a combination of Xe plasma focused ion beam (PFIB) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The extracted 3D EBSD results were compared with 2D observations, and potential misinterpretations arising from 2D analyses were highlighted. 3D reconstruction of the packets revealed that the volume of each prior austenite grain (PAG) is occupied with four distinct types of packets, arranged as a specific tetrahedral pattern in 3D. Through geometrical calculations, a direct link between 3D characteristics of this tetrahedral pattern and the dominant habit plane of the microstructure, {557}γ, was established. These findings, unattainable through 2D characterizations, are expected to enhance our understanding of lath martensite formation and inform recent modeling efforts aimed at accurately representing the 3D structure and mechanical properties of these alloys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".