Performance Characterization of a Small-Scale Pillow Plate Heat Exchanger Designed with the Effectiveness-NTU Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years the design of pillow plate heat exchangers (PPHE) is attracting more and more interest both in the scientific community and in relevant industrial sectors.In this manuscript an experimental investigation has been carried out to study the thermo-hydraulic behaviour of a very compact PPHE designed in collaboration with a manufacturing company.This has allowed to design a PPHE with the smallest geometric parameters currently achievable with the present manufacturing technologies.This device mounts two pillow plates 450 mm long and 80 mm wide with an internal inflation of 3mm.In this preliminary analysis water is used as working fluid both for hot and cold channel of the PPHE which has been installed on a purpose-built laboratory-scale setup.The design of the PPHE has been carried out by implementing the efficiency-NTU number (-NTU) method specific to PPHE geometries.The inside h1 and outside h2 heat transfer coefficients have been determined by correlations available in literature for normal types of PPHEs.The strength of the adopted approach has been verified by evaluating the errors percentage for the outlet temperatures, the efficiency and the Darcy factor referred to a wide experimental campaign.In terms of errors, the performance for predicted thermal power set from -15% to 15%, for thermal efficiency from -13% to 10%, and between 15% and 30% underestimation for the Darcy factor.The proposed procedure looks a promising engineering tool to be implemented for those applications involving small scale PPHE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".