Temperature Promotes Photoluminescence in Lanthanide‐Doped 3D Ceramic Microarchitectures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Two‐photon lithography (TPL) is a powerful technique for creating 3D microarchitectures. Applied to high‐refractive‐index materials like ZrO 2 , it promises advanced optics. This is the case of ZrO 2 host matrixes in combination with luminescent dopants. However, due to the nonideal crystallinity attained to the TPL pre‐ceramic replica from a custom‐made photoresin, the emission of lanthanide (Ln) dopants in ZrO 2 microarchitectures can be suboptimal. However, crystallinity exacerbated by annealing can promote Ln‐emission, thereby enabling the integration of ceramic micro‐optic into a low‐temperature process. This work presents a photoresin containing a metal‐organic monomer tailored for TPL, enabling the fabrication of Ln‐doped tetragonal ZrO 2 ( t ‐ZrO 2 ) microarchitectures. The emission properties of Ln‐doped microarchitectures with trivalent Ln ions (Ln 3+ ), i.e., Yb 3+ (2.5 mol%), Er 3+ (0.35 mol%), and Tm 3+ (0.35 mol%) are studied. The results demonstrate that Ln emission is absent when annealing the microarchitectures at 600 °C. Annealing at 750 °C activates Ln 3+ emissions, including 2 F 5/2 – 2 F 7/2 (infrared), 4 S 3/2 – 4 I 15/2 (green), and 3 H 4 – 3 F 6 (near‐infrared) transitions corresponding to Yb, Er, and Tm species. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms that t ‐ZrO 2 crystallinity becomes more prominent at 750 °C, demonstrating the promotion of Ln emissions upon thermal treatment and underscoring the role of crystalline in TPL micro‐optical ceramics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".