Temperature Promotes Photoluminescence in Lanthanide‐Doped 3D Ceramic Microarchitectures
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Two‐photon lithography (TPL) is a powerful technique for creating 3D microarchitectures. Applied to high‐refractive‐index materials like ZrO 2 , it promises advanced optics. This is the case of ZrO 2 host matrixes in combination with luminescent dopants. However, due to the nonideal crystallinity attained to the TPL pre‐ceramic replica from a custom‐made photoresin, the emission of lanthanide (Ln) dopants in ZrO 2 microarchitectures can be suboptimal. However, crystallinity exacerbated by annealing can promote Ln‐emission, thereby enabling the integration of ceramic micro‐optic into a low‐temperature process. This work presents a photoresin containing a metal‐organic monomer tailored for TPL, enabling the fabrication of Ln‐doped tetragonal ZrO 2 ( t ‐ZrO 2 ) microarchitectures. The emission properties of Ln‐doped microarchitectures with trivalent Ln ions (Ln 3+ ), i.e., Yb 3+ (2.5 mol%), Er 3+ (0.35 mol%), and Tm 3+ (0.35 mol%) are studied. The results demonstrate that Ln emission is absent when annealing the microarchitectures at 600 °C. Annealing at 750 °C activates Ln 3+ emissions, including 2 F 5/2 – 2 F 7/2 (infrared), 4 S 3/2 – 4 I 15/2 (green), and 3 H 4 – 3 F 6 (near‐infrared) transitions corresponding to Yb, Er, and Tm species. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms that t ‐ZrO 2 crystallinity becomes more prominent at 750 °C, demonstrating the promotion of Ln emissions upon thermal treatment and underscoring the role of crystalline in TPL micro‐optical ceramics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it