ADAT-SHARIA NORMS IN THE DIVORCE PROCEEDINGS IN KUMYKS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SOVIET TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 20TH CENTURY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Статья посвящена корреляции норм адата и шариата в бракоразводном процессе кумыков в первой четверти XX века. В данные период на территории всего государства, в том числе и Дагестана, активно внедрялась советская правовая доктрина со своими законами, устоями и правилами. Новые законы страны советов резко противоречили традиционным нормам кумыков. Противоречие это выразилось во многих вопросах, в том числе и бракоразводном. На первых порах советское руководство всячески поддерживало нормы адата и шариата. Это выразилось в приглашении дуалистическом заключении брака – по советским и шариатским законам. Также кади были приглашены в Советские ЗАГСы для заключения браков по нормам ислама. В конце 20-х годов XX века шариатский брак был запрещен в Дагестане. Любое проявление религии было наказуемо по законам советской власти. Автор при написании статьи использовал богатый полевой и архивный материал, собранный на территории Дагестана. The article is devoted to correlation of norms of an adat and Sharia in divorce proceedings of Kumyks in the first quarter of the 20th century. In data the period in the territory of all state including Dagestan, the Soviet legal doctrine with the laws, foundations and rules actively took root. New laws of the country of councils sharply contradicted traditional norms of Kumyks. A contradiction it was expressed in many questions including divorce. At the beginning the soviet leadership in every possible way maintained norms of an adat and Sharia. It was expressed in the invitation dualistic marriage – under the Soviet and sharia laws. Also qadis were invited in the Soviet Registry Offices for the conclusion of marriages п to norms of Islam. In the late twenties of the XX century sharia marriage was forbidden in Dagestan. Any manifestation of religion was punishable under laws of the Soviet power. The author when writing article used the rich field and archive material collected in the territory of Dagestan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".