Glycoproteins Isolated from Tongkat Ali Plants Capable to Elevate Testosterone in Both in vitro and in vivo Experiments
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tongkat Ali, a common name used to identify at least three plants, Eurycoma longifolia, Polyathia bullata, and Stema tuberosa, is recognized for its aphrodisiac bioactive constituent attributed to glycoproteins, particularly in E. longifolia. This study explores the presence and bioactivity of glycoproteins in P. bullata and S. tuberosa, employing similar extraction methods to E. longifolia. The crude extracts from all three plants were isolated, and glycoproteins were separated using lectin affinity chromatography. The glycoprotein yields were determined, and the protein characterization was conducted using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Consequently, through both in vitro and in vivo experiments, the bioactivity of the isolated glycoproteins was tested for their ability to elevate testosterone levels. In vitro studies conducted on approximately 4000 TM-3 Leydig cells revealed that treatment with 50 µg/mL of glycoproteins extracted from P. bullata and S. tuberosa resulted in a notable increase in testosterone concentration by 45% and 48%, respectively, compared to the untreated cells after 72 h. Moreover, in groups of mice administered with the isolated glycoproteins for 20 days, testosterone concentrations increased by over 50% compared to the control groups. Despite the relatively low yields of glycoproteins, with only 0.26% and 0.21% present in the roots of P. bullata and S. tuberosa, respectively, their effectiveness was evident. This highlights that the aphrodisiac bioactive constituents, are glycoproteins, within all three Tongkat Ali plants.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it