“If Something Glorious is Desired”: the Establishment of the Academy of Sciences in the Context of the Institutionalization of Political Education in Russia in the First Quarter of the 18th Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
В статье рассматривается процесс институционализации политического образования и политических наук в России первой четверти XVIIIв., завершившийся созданием Академии наук и Академического университета. Первое знакомство с политическим образованием произошло в Славяно-греко-латинской академии и Гимназии Посольского приказа. В ходе коллегиальной реформы предлагалось внедрить политическое и юридическое образование. Данные проекты не были реализованы, однако они определили характер преподавания политики в Академическом университете, который отвечал просветительской программе Петра I, ориентированной в том числе на формирование новой бюрократии, задачам укрепления придворного общества и идеям политико-теологического синтеза. Длительные поиски профессора политики для Академии наук завершились тем, что должность профессора морали и политики (моральной философии) занял Х.Ф. Гросс, который в 1725 г. объявил курс этики «по книге Пуфендорфской, яже о должности человека и гражданина». Таким образом, труды С. фон Пуфендорфа стали основным учебным пособием по политическим наукам в этот период. Заданные Академическим университетом ориентиры надолго определили траекторию развития политического образования в России. The article examines the process of institutionalization of political education and political sciences in Russia in the first quarter of the 18th century. This process finished with the creation of the Academy of Sciences and the Academic University. The first acquaintance with political education took place in the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy and the Gymnasium of the Posolsky Prikaz (The Chancellery of Foreign Affairs). During the collegial reform, some projects to introduce political and legal education appeared. These projects were not implemented, but they determined the nature of political education at the Academic University, which responded to 1) the educational program by Peter the Great, oriented, among other things, towards the formation of a new bureaucracy, 2) the tasks of strengthening the court society, and 3) the ideas of political and theological synthesis. As a result of long search for a professor of politics for the Academy of Sciences, H.F. Gross took the chair of professor of morals and politics (moral philosophy) and announced in 1725 a course in ethics “according to Pufendorf’s book On the Duty of Man and Citizen.” Thus, the works by S. von Pufendorf became the main textbook on political science in that period. The guidelines set by the Academic University determined the trajectory of development of political education in Russia for a long time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".