Automated, Transferable, and Ethanol-Free Radiosynthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C]Butanol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow and blood–brain barrier permeability assessment are crucial hemodynamic parameters to measure under neurological conditions. In conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET), oxygen-15-labeled water has emerged as a gold standard for measuring cerebral perfusion; however, at higher flow rates, [ 15 O]water extraction becomes nonlinear. In such a scenario, freely diffusible [ 11 C]butanol can provide a truer estimate. Radiosyntheses of [ 11 C]butanol reported to date are protracted, are not automated, or require ethanol in the final formulation. By using a flow-based, captive solvent approach on a commercially available radiosynthesizer, we automated and reduced the synthesis time to 28 min. Forgoing cartridge-based purification for an aqueous high-performance liquid chromatography method, we obtained high purity [ 11 C]butanol in ethanol-free phosphate buffered saline in sufficient yields for clinical PET studies. We here report our expedited, automated, and ethanol-free radiosynthesis of [ 11 C]butanol along with preliminary imaging of a porcine subject.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".