PSI-15 Validation of a rapid test to evaluate humoral immunity in Labrador Retrievers across multiple life stages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study sought to validate the D2Dx rapid immunity test in canines and investigate the age-related changes in the humoral immune system of healthy large breed dogs. Blood plasma with EDTA anticoagulant was collected from healthy Labrador Retrievers (n = 80) housed at Four Rivers Kennel under IACUC protocol FRK-56. Age groups were defined as follows: puppy 0-1.5 yr, adults 1.5-7 yr, senior 7-10, and geriatric 10-14. Immunity biomarkers including c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), complement protein 3 (C3), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were determined through canine specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The nanoparticle based D2Dx test, which evaluates the cumulative humoral immune response, was also performed. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA between age groups, with a Tukey’s post hoc, and correlations between variables were evaluated through multivariate analysis. The D2Dx score was correlated with body weight, age, IgG, and C3 validating that the test was able to adequately measure the humoral immunity in canines (r ≥ 0.49). D2Dx score was significantly different between age groups (P < 0.01) with puppies having significantly reduced scores compared with all other groups (P < 0.01). C3 was significantly different between age groups (P < 0.01), with puppies significantly less than other life stages (P ≤ 0.03). The C3 of adults averaged significantly greater than seniors and trended greater than geriatric subjects (P ≤ 0.01, 0.07). IgG between ages was also significantly different, with puppies significantly less than other age groups (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between age groups for IFN-γ, IL-4 ratio, IFN-γ, IL-4, or CRP (P ≥ 0.18). This study showed that the D2Dx Rapid Immunity Test is able to detect changes to humoral immunity in canines. Beyond evaluating the effectiveness of the D2Dx test, this study also provides important information about the under researched topic of canine humoral immunity development and senescence in a robust, healthy cohort of large breed dogs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".