PSVIII-2 Effects of post-ruminal yeast cell wall extract on dry matter intake, gastrointestinal fermentation and permeability, and concentrations of white blood cell types in beef heifers exposed to feed restriction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate whether post-ruminal provision of a yeast cell wall extract (YCW) affected gastrointestinal fermentation characteristics and permeability, and white blood cell concentrations for heifers exposed to feed restriction (FR). Ruminally cannulated beef heifers (n = 8) were used in a 2 × 2 crossover design. Treatments (TRT) included an abomasal infusion of a placebo (PLC; maltodextrin) or YCW derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2 g/dose) infused at 0600 and 1800 h. Heifers were subject to a 5-d baseline period followed by 5 d of FR where dry matter intake (DMI) was restricted to 30% of ad libitum intake. Data collection included daily DMI, and rumen, fecal and blood samples. Total gastrointestinal and post-ruminal permeability were measured using a ruminal dose of Cr-EDTA and an abomasal dose of Co-EDTA during the baseline and FR phases. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of YCW provision and phase, and the 2-way interaction. There were no TRT or TRT × phase interactions except for fecal propionate concentration. By design, DMI during FR was 30% (P < 0.01) of that observed during baseline (4.1 vs. 13.4 kg/d, respectively). The ruminal concentrations of acetate (45.4 vs. 69.2 mmol/L), propionate (14.5 vs. 26.7 mmol/L), and butyrate (9.9 vs. 16.5 mmol/L) were reduced (P < 0.01) by 34, 46, and 52%, respectively, with FR relative to baseline. Fecal propionate concentration (interaction, P = 0.04) numerically increased (P = 0.12) from baseline to FR for PLC (7.7 vs. 9.6 mmol/L, respectively), while YCW did not change among phases; however, no means differed. Exposure to FR reduced fecal butyrate concentration by 28% (P = 0.03). Gastrointestinal tract permeability (P < 0.01; 2.3 and 2.5% for total and post-ruminal, respectively) was greater during FR compared with baseline, with 2.0% of the Cr-EDTA and 1.6% of the Co-EDTA excreted in urine. The concentrations of neutrophils (P = 0.03) and eosinophils (P < 0.01) were greater during FR relative to baseline (2.28, 1.27 and 0.53, 0.30 ×106 cells/mL, respectively). Exposure to FR altered ruminal SCFA concentrations, increased blood concentrations of neutrophils and eosinophils, and increased gastrointestinal permeability suggesting an inflammatory response; however, post-ruminal provision of a YCW did not mitigate the response to a feed restriction challenge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".