<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> Effector PbPE23 Induces Necrotic Responses in Both Host and Nonhost Plants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate biotroph that causes clubroot disease in cruciferous plants, including canola and Arabidopsis. In contrast to most known bacterial, oomycete, and fungal pathogens that colonize at the host apoplastic space, the protist P. brassicae establishes an intracellular colonization within various types of root cells and secretes a plethora of effector proteins to distinct cellular compartments favorable for the survival and growth of the pathogen during pathogenesis. Identification and functional characterization of P. brassicae effectors has been hampered by the limited understanding of this unique pathosystem. Here, we report a P. brassicae effector, PbPE23, containing a serine/threonine kinase domain, that induces necrosis after heterologous expression by leaf infiltration in both host and nonhost plants. Although PbPE23 is an active kinase, the kinase activity itself is not required for triggering necrosis in plants. PbPE23 shows a nucleocytoplasmic localization in Nicotiana benthamiana, and its N-terminal 25 TPDPAQKQ 32 sequence, resembling the contiguous hydrophilic TPAP motif and Q-rich region in many necrosis and ethylene inducing peptide 1-like proteins from plant-associated microbes, is required for the induction of necrosis. Furthermore, transcript profiling of PbPE23 reveals its high expression at the transition stages from primary to secondary infection, suggesting its potential involvement in the development of clubroot disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".