Multibody Dynamics and Terramechanics-based modeling and simulation of Quarter-Car with Suspension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract While tires only compress when acted upon by a load in on-road scenarios, in off-road conditions, on the other hand, the tires not only undergo compression but also sinkage into the ground, in a manner that depends on the terrain. The tire-ground contact, in turn, affects the forces acting on the suspension system. Hence, it is necessary to study the vertical dynamic response of a system in off-road conditions by accounting for the terramechanics phenomenon (tire-terrain interface). The forces acting at the tire and terrain interface in off-road conditions have been studied in terramechanics separately; however, their integration with multibody systems is relatively less explored. In this paper, a multibody dynamic-based modeling and simulation of a quarter car with a linear spring-damper suspension system for off-road vehicles is presented. The generalized external forces are obtained using the Bekker-Wong based soil pressure-sinkage approach for two different kind of multibody systems interacting with sandy loam terrain. This model is integrated with the Tangent Space Ordinary Differential Equations of the quarter car and suspension system and solved using numerical integration techniques. Thus, by accounting for the terramechanics in the multibody system, the technique provides a more realistic response of the system in off-road scenarios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".