Associations between neighborhood characteristics, mental health, and parenting among mothers with young children in Brazil: A cross-sectional study of women living in communities of social disadvantage and ethnic diversity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent research has highlighted the intricate relationship between the quality of a neighborhood's social and physical characteristics and maternal well-being in promoting healthy parenting practices and improving child development. This study examined the associations between neighborhood characteristics, maternal depressive symptoms, and parenting practices. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross-sectional study in the city of Salvador, Brazil interviewed mothers of children between the ages 0 to 6 at local Primary Health Care Clinics. Neighborhood characteristics were assessed using questions adapted from the Guide for the Development of Early Childhood Friendly Neighborhoods. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and parenting practices were evaluated using the United Nations Children's Fund Family Care Indicators. The study included 503 mother-child dyads. The average maternal age was 31 years, with 50% identifying as black and 45% as brown. 67.6% of households in the study earned below the minimum wage. Multivariate regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic covariates was used to estimate the associations between maternal outcomes and four neighborhood characteristics: sense of physical and social safety, issues or problems in the community, access to public services, and access to green and child friendly spaces. Findings revealed that only perceived safety was associated with reduced maternal depressive symptoms, while access to public services in the neighborhood was inversely related to parenting stimulating practices. No other neighborhood characteristics showed a significant association with the outcomes. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed both expected and unexpected associations between neighborhood characteristics, maternal depressive symptoms, and parenting practices. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the multifaceted dynamics between community environments and maternal well-being. They also shed important light on the various ways in which one's environment can influence maternal mental health and parenting behaviors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".