Ablation modeling with density-based Navier Stokes solver, an implementation and validation of two carbon models

Ablation modeling with density base Navier Stokes solver, an implementation and validation of a two carbon models Bruce Crawford Ansys Inc., 2600 Ansys Dr, Canonsburg, PA 15317 USA Mitchell Uretsky Textron Systems Corporation, 700 Main Street, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA Chao Han ,Valerio Viti Ansys Inc., 10 Cavendish Court, Lebanon NH, 03766, USA Song Gao , Jean-Sebastien Cagnone Ansys Canada Ltd., 1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal QC, H3A 3G4 Canada Ablative Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) have been the preferred method since the early days of atmospheric reentry for shielding vital components of hypersonic vehicles such as nose tips, leading edges, vehicle acreage, engine inlet cowls, and rocket nozzles. Traditionally, the design of TPS has been through ground and flight test programs; each have their own drawbacks. Ground testing is beneficial in material screening and initial data collection but is unable to replicate real-world flight environments, as well as being expensive. Flight testing produces the proper environments at the expense of extreme cost and difficult data reduction. In this context, high-fidelity physics computer simulation has become a key enabling technology in the design and development of hypersonic systems. Once validated, high-fidelity computer simulations can accurately reproduce physical phenomenon and their complex interactions, thus helping to alleviate the limitations of ground test facilities. The present work aims at validating a workflow built on the commercial CFD solver Ansys Fluent CFD density-based coupled solver for the simulation of graphite ablation. The CFD approach results are validated against experimental results obtained at the IHF arc-jet facility at NASA Ames Research Center. Two different surface reaction models of air-carbon were implemented, both with 11 species, to simulate the ablation of the solid carbon material. The chemical process is coupled with i) the simulation of the wall ablative recession via the moving deforming mesh (MDM) framework as well as ii) with the modeling of the conjugate heat transfer (CHT) effects. Both chemical mechanisms are evaluated against the experimental data for two separate geometries.

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