Influence of barrier beach dynamics on ecological indicator taxa in north-central Lake Ontario coastal wetlands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adaptive management of protected coastal wetlands requires an understanding of barrier dynamics over long timescales as well as feedbacks with ecosystem processes. In this study, we examined diatom (siliceous algae) and Cladocera (crustacean zooplankton) subfossil remains preserved in sediments as (paleo)ecological indicators of barrier beach dynamics in coastal wetlands along the north-central shore of Lake Ontario. Sediments integrate information across seasons and habitats, accounting for spatiotemporal variability in ecological indicator taxa that is often missed in contemporary sampling efforts. Subfossil remains also allow for reconstruction of historical changes before contemporary monitoring began. We found that small benthic Fragilariaceae diatom taxa were most abundant in high-closure barrier beach wetlands, and were uncommon in drowned river mouth wetlands, while Cladocera assemblages did not reflect coastal wetland hydrogeomorphology. A high-resolution paleoecological study of McLaughlin Bay, a high-closure barrier beach wetland, showed that the abundance of small benthic Fragilariaceae decreased, and diatom diversity increased, when the barrier was breached in 2005 and 1954. Recent increases in small benthic Fragilariaceae were consistent with assessments by the local conservation authority that McLaughlin Bay has become less connected to Lake Ontario in recent years, lending support to artificial barrier beach manipulation as a strategy to improve water quality. Barrier beach dynamics create a natural disturbance regime that is important for maintaining biodiversity and water quality in protected coastal wetlands. Our study provides an approach to monitor and investigate coupled physical-ecological dynamics of barrier beach coastal wetlands over decadal to centennial timescales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".