Relationship between short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and emergency ambulance dispatches due to cardiovascular disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The relationship between sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains inconclusive. We aimed to clarify the association between short-term exposure to SO 2 and emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) due to CVD. Methods: We collected daily data on the number of EADs due to CVD, air pollutants, and meteorological factors between October 2013 and June 2018 in Guangzhou, China. We used the quasi-Poisson generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model to estimate the short-term effect of SO 2 on EADs due to CVD in multivariable models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results: A total of 37,889 EADs due to CVD were documented during the study period. The average daily SO 2 concentration was 12.5 μg/m 3 . A significant relationship between SO 2 and EADs due to CVD was found, with a relative risk of 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.06) with each 10 μg/m 3 increment of SO 2 at lag 0-1 . The relationship was stronger in males, for participants aged ≥65 years, and in the cold season; however, no significant modification by subgroup was found in the association between SO 2 and EADs due to CVD. Similar results from sensitivity analyses to the main findings were observed. Conclusions: Short-term exposure to SO 2 was significantly associated with increased EADs due to CVD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".