A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment for clean hydrogen gas production pathway using the CeO2/Ce2O3-based redox thermochemical cycle
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study is conducted to develop a two-steps redox thermochemical cycle based on combined ceria reduction and methane reforming through the CeO 2 /Ce 2 O 3 redox pair. This cycle incorporates simultaneous water splitting for hydrogen production. To enhance the accuracy and reliability of the inventory data, the system is simulated using the Aspen Plus software package. Also, the goal of this work is to evaluate the carbon footprint of thermochemical based hydrogen production under different scenarios and to compare it with traditional technologies like steam methane reforming (SMR). The analysis takes into account both the plant manufacturing line (reactors), fuel processing (H 2 production), redox particles oxygen carrier manufacturing (OC), H 2 compression (power consumption) and H 2 storage (pipeline manufacturing). The openLCA software with the European database environmental footprint is employed to compute the total carbon emissions of this thermochemical cycle during its overall life cycle. The study concludes that the base case scenario of this system has an overall GWP of 1751.14 g CO 2 eq./kg H 2 respectively. In the overall GWP, the share of plant construction and OC production was found to be around 1.67%, and 15.78% respectively. The conventional steam methane reforming is loaded with an overall GWP of 4472.83 g CO 2 eq./kg H 2 . In terms of renewable energy input, the base case scenario of this hydrogen production system results in 1465.73 g CO 2 eq./kg H 2 with thermal energy produced from renewable sources. Comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrates that base case of CeO 2 /Ce 2 O 3 has an 85.41% lower GWP emphasizing its environmental advantages over the SMR and Fe 3 O 4 /FeO redox pair carries an 84.06% lower GWP as compared to the conventional SMR with 1483.55 g CO 2 eq./kg H 2 . The present study concludes that the combined ceria reduction and methane reforming chemical looping process with simultaneous water splitting may be a more promising option to produce hydrogen using renewable energy. • A new system is developed for cleaner hydrogen production using a thermochemical cycle. • The thermochemical cycle employs steps with CeO 2 /Ce 2 O 3 . • A life cycle assessment of CeO 2 /Ce 2 O 3 based thermochemical cycle is performed. • The proposed system achieves a 2.5-fold reduction in GWP compared to an SMR process.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it