Sexual and gender minority youth in Canada: An investigation of disparities in positive mental health
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: While studies indicate that 2SLGBTQ + youth are more likely to experience negative psychological outcomes compared to their heterosexual and cisgender peers, less is known about the positive mental health (PMH) of 2SLGBTQ + youth in Canada. To fill this gap, we investigated disparities in PMH by self-reported sexual attraction among 15‒17-year-olds and gender modality among 12‒17-year-olds. METHODS: We analyzed data from youth respondents in the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth. We obtained estimates of average life satisfaction and high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness for youth with an exclusively heterosexual attraction and youth with a minority sexual attraction (those exclusively attracted to the same gender, and those attracted to both females and males), and for cisgender and gender minority youth. Regression analyses were conducted to test for disparities on each PMH outcome. RESULTS: Compared with exclusively heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth reported lower life satisfaction and were less likely to report high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Significant disparities were more consistently found for youth attracted to both females and males than youth exclusively attracted to the same gender. Gender minority (versus cisgender) youth also reported lower average life satisfaction and were less likely to report high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness. CONCLUSION: Although this study provides evidence for the presence of disparities in PMH, its strength-based focus on PMH also documents the presence of well-being among many sexual and gender minority youth in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".