Measurement of top-quark pair production in association with charm quarks in proton–proton collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt><mml:mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:math> TeV with the ATLAS detector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inclusive cross-sections for top-quark pair production in association with charm quarks are measured with protonproton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb -1 , collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC between 2015 and 2018. The measurements are performed by requiring one or two charged leptons (electrons and muons), two -tagged jets, and at least one additional jet in the final state. A custom flavor-tagging algorithm is employed for the simultaneous identification of -jets and -jets. In a fiducial phase space that replicates the acceptance of the ATLAS detector, the cross-sections for t + 2 and t + 1 production are measured to be 1.28 +0.27 -0.24 pb and 6.4 +1.0 -0.9 pb, respectively. The measurements are primarily limited by uncertainties in the modeling of inclusive t and t + b production, in the calibration of the flavor-tagging algorithm, and by data statistics. Cross-section predictions from various t simulations are largely consistent with the measured cross-section values, though all underpredict the observed values by 0.5 to 2.0 standard deviations. In a phase-space volume without requirements on the t decay products and the jet multiplicity, the cross-section ratios of t + 2 and t + 1 to total t + jets production are determined to be (1.23 0.25)% and (8.8 1.3)%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".