Influence of Mixed Solvent in the Morphology and Hydrophobicity of Electrospun Polystyrene Porous Fibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electrospun polystyrene (PS) fibers are produced using a mixed solvent of chloroform and n,n‐dimethylformamide (DMF) to investigate the influence of the solvent ratio on the fiber surface morphology and contact angle of the obtained mats. Electrospinning is a simple processing technique for producing fibers with diameters in the range of nanometers to a few micrometers. When using the different solvent ratios for this process, porous PS membranes are created due to nonsolvent and thermally induced phase separation (N‐TIPS). The morphology of the fibers is analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that fibers have diameters between 200 nm and 6 µm. SEM also revealed that the pores present on the surface of the fibers vary from densely compacted and well‐formed nanopores with diameters in the range of 20–50 nm to larger pores with sizes of ≈100–200 nm. The pore size varied with different solvent ratios. The surface area is analyzed using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and found that the polymeric fibers have a high surface area (≈35 m 2 g −1 ). The fibers with such morphology are highly hydrophobic, with a contact angle higher than 143°. These materials are excellent candidates for applications in textiles, filtration, and biomedical fields.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".