Novel GSK-3 inhibitor based universal dentin bonding system: A comprehensive analysis of dentinal repair and improved bond strength
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe the formulation of a novel universal adhesive system, based on a GSK-3 (glycogen synthetase kinase-3) inhibitor (Tideglusib®), and to evaluate its bond strength and dentinal repair capability. Tideglusib® was added to Ultradent Peak Universal Dentin Bonding Agent to make experimental adhesives (0.5 %, 1 %, 2 % final concentration). They were applied to teeth which were sectioned, stored for 24 h, or 2 years then bond strengths measured. Baseline stiffness of bonded dentin beams was tested using the three-point bending test. Animal experiments were performed to provide specimens for microcomputed tomography imaging after adhesive application. Collagen matrix was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the modified adhesives was determined using fibroblastic cells. Molecular modelling evaluated binding of the Tideglusib® molecule to active sites on collagen and the adhesive components. TGFβ-1/and BMP-2 in human dentin matrices were measured and interfaces were scanned using SkyScan 2211. Adhesives’ stability tests were done. RMSD (root mean square deviation) analysis indicated simulation has equilibrated with changes for globular proteins (p < 0.05). Specimens from 0.5 %, and 1 % Tideglusib® groups displayed adhesive penetration with Micro-CT imaging and a significant increase in dentin density was seen. Specimens from the same groups showed cells with large masses of cytoplasm with focal adhesion points. Bond strength decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increased storage time. Gradual release (p < 0.05) of both TGFβ-1 and BMP-2 from hTDMs with 0.5 % and 1 % Tideglusib® groups occurred and higher elastic moduli (p < 0.05). Collagen-based amide and proline Raman bands were seen in the Tideglusib® groups. Incorporation of Tideglusib® in experimental Universal Adhesive System at 1 % improved adhesive bond strength and promoted dentinal repair. Application of Tideglusib ® based adhesive conserve mechanical properties of the tooth structure and promote regenerative capability so can be expected to extend the service life of adhesive restorations in clinical situations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".