CathCam-Guided Picosecond Infrared Laser Ablation in Peripheral Artery Disease Revascularization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Endovascular revascularization of peripheral arterial occlusions has a high technical failure rate of 15-20%, mainly due to difficulties in crossing the occlusion with a guidewire. This study evaluates the use of a Picosecond mid-Infrared Laser (PIRL) to facilitate occlusion crossing. METHODS: Popliteal artery lesion samples were obtained from a donated limb of a patient with critical limb ischemia (CLI). A customized system advanced the PIRL fiber at controlled speeds toward the occlusion. The fiber was tested with its source OFF and ON at either 500 mW or 1000 mW power, 2.96 µm wavelength, and 1 kHz repetition rate. Lesions were scanned using µ-CT before and after the test, and post-ablated tissues were analyzed histologically. The feasibility of using PIRL with the CathCam, an optical image-guided steerable catheter, was also assessed under X-ray fluoroscopy in an OR suite. RESULTS: Tests showed a significant crossing success improvement with the laser ON vs. OFF (95.6% vs. 73.9%, p << 0.05) and a significant reduction in maximum force (5.5 ± 9.8 gr vs. 17.2 ± 12.3 gr; p << 0.05). Success rates generally decreased with increased fiber speed, ranging from 100% at 0.019 mm/s to 30% at 0.5 mm/s, while force increased. The results showed that 0.1 mm/s fiber advancement speed is the fastest speed with the highest crossing success rate. Histological analysis showed sub -50 µm tissue trauma post-PIRL-ablation. CONCLUSION: PIRL plaque ablation is minimally invasive, and 0.1 mm/s was identified as the optimal fiber advancement speed. SIGNIFICANCE: PIRL, guided with CathCam, demonstrates high potential for endovascular revascularization procedures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".