Influence of Rail-End Bolt Hole Position and Clearance on Stress and Displacement of Rail Using Finite Element Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a bolted rail joint, the two rail ends are connected with fishplates on both sides and adjusted with fishbolts.Such joints help to facilitate the smooth running of the train wheels over the joints.However, the lifetime of a bolted rail joint is shorter than the lifetime of a continuous rail because of the complex interactions that occur at the contact surfaces of the joint components and at the rail ends.In this paper, the bolted rail joint structure components are first modeled in ABAQUS/CAE.The effects of rail-end bolt hole position and bolt-hole clearance were considered in the rail.Then, finite element analysis (FEA) of the bolted rail joint assembly was performed to determine the stress, particularly on the upper fillet and bolt holes of the rail, as well as the vertical displacement of the rail end, when static loading was applied at the rail end.The numerical simulation results showed that the rail-end bolt hole positions affect to von-Mises stress and vertical displacement, whereas bolt-hole clearance has a relative minor effect on stress and vertical displacement.To avoid stress concentration that may cause further failure, the position of the rail-end bolt holes should be carefully considered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".