Intestinal atresia in a 2‐day‐old puppy
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 2-day-old male entire labrador cross golden retriever puppy was presented bloated, cold and minimally responsive. The puppy was euthanased on welfare grounds, and a postmortem examination identified a segmental intestinal atresia of the small intestine, with rupture of the dilated intestine cranial to the atresia with meconium found within the peritoneal cavity (Figure 1). The macroscopic findings were consistent with intestinal atresia type II (Figure 2). The histopathological investigation of the atretic segment identified a primitive non-recanalised intestinal structure, with the lumen obliterated by epithelium and stroma (Figure 1, inset). The histopathology was consistent with intestinal atresia type II. Intestinal atresia, an uncommon congenital disease of domestic animals, is most likely secondary to segmental ischaemia during early fetal life.1, 2 Atresia ilei is most prevalent in calves and rare in foals, lambs, piglets and pups. It is unlikely to be heritable in many species; however, a genetic basis has been reported in calves.1 In human medicine, familial cases of intestinal atresia have been reported, but the majority of cases occur sporadically. These cases share the same pathogenesis as in domestic mammals occurring due to a vascular accident involving the mesenteric blood supply in utero.3 Shauna Hilton carried out the postmortem examination, histopathology and drafted the manuscript. Holly Cuttiford created the hand-drawn diagram and carried out the postmortem examination. Bethany Wong and Haydn Stanney performed the postmortem examination and contributed to the macroscopic report. Carlo Bianco carried out the postmortem examination and co-drafted the manuscript. The authors thank Emma Pritchard for processing the histopathology. The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest. The macroscopic postmortem examination was performed as part of the routine commercial diagnostic service at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science of the University of Nottingham, and no further funding was received. The puppy was submitted for a diagnostic postmortem examination following euthanasia. Consent for publication was agreed by the submitting institution. Considering Figure 1 what's the likely diagnosis? Small intestine: severe acute diffuse necrotising and haemorrhagic enteritis Small intestine: segmental atresia Small intestine: volvulus Small intestine: hernia Small intestine: segmental atresia The necrotising and haemorrhagic enteritis do not typically display marked variation in the diameter of the affected segments and the serosa appears dark red to black. The volvulus is a twist of the mesenteric root with infarction and dilation of a segment of the ischaemic intestine. A hernia is a displacement of an organ through a congenital or acquired pathological opening.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it