Impact of blood volume, air exposure duration, transport duration, and testing delay on plasma total carbon dioxide in simulated open collections using microtainers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exposing blood specimens to air reduces plasma total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ). We evaluated the degree of TCO 2 reduction attributed to open collection of neonatal blood in BD microtainers® (microtainers), microtainer transport duration and delayed testing of open plasma aliquots. Venous blood was aliquoted into open microtainers in a 3x4 factorial design to simulate combined effects of blood volume (0.2–0.6 mL) and air exposure duration (0–5 min), with blood drawn in vacutainers as a control. Separate effects of in-hospital transport duration (0–120 min; whole blood), off-site transport duration (0–24 h; centrifuged whole blood), and the duration plasma aliquots remained open (0–120 min) were evaluated by repeated testing. Findings were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Student’s T-tests. In the factorial experiment, mean plasma TCO 2 in microtainers was on average 3.5 mmol/L lower than in vacutainers. Smaller blood volume but not greater air exposure duration significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TCO 2 . Mean TCO 2 in filled (0.6 mL; 1–5 min air exposure) microtainers was on average 2.9 mmol/L lower than in vacutainers. Simulated off-site transport of microtainers containing centrifuged whole blood significantly reduced TCO 2 (4 h; mean change = -1.5 mmol/L), as did delayed testing of aliquoted plasma (15 min; mean change = -1.3 mmol/L). Plasma TCO 2 decreased with reduced microtainer blood volume, extended off-site transport duration of centrifuged whole blood and testing delay of aliquoted plasma. To minimize TCO 2 reduction, microtainers should be fully filled and tested rapidly. Laboratories should also consider whether an interpretive comment, correction factor or separate reference intervals are appropriate for these tests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".